{
  "_comment": "Apple Silicon unified memory options and theoretical peak memory bandwidth (GB/s, decimal), from Apple newsroom announcements and Mac tech-spec pages. gpu_usable_fraction_default is macOS's default Metal GPU working-set limit as a share of total unified memory (can be raised with the iogpu.wired_limit_mb sysctl).",
  "_source": [
    "https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2024/10/apple-introduces-m4-pro-and-m4-max/",
    "https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2025/03/apple-reveals-m3-ultra-taking-apple-silicon-to-a-new-extreme/",
    "https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2026/03/apple-debuts-m5-pro-and-m5-max-to-supercharge-the-most-demanding-pro-workflows/",
    "https://support.apple.com/en-us/121553",
    "https://support.apple.com/en-us/126319",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_M4",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_M5"
  ],
  "_asof": "2026-07-13",
  "gpu_usable_fraction_default": { "ram_le_36gb": 0.667, "ram_gt_36gb": 0.75 },
  "chips": [
    { "id": "m1", "name": "M1", "year": 2020, "bandwidth_gbs": 68.25, "memory_options_gb": [8, 16] },
    { "id": "m1-pro", "name": "M1 Pro", "year": 2021, "bandwidth_gbs": 200, "memory_options_gb": [16, 32] },
    { "id": "m1-max", "name": "M1 Max", "year": 2021, "bandwidth_gbs": 400, "memory_options_gb": [32, 64] },
    { "id": "m1-ultra", "name": "M1 Ultra", "year": 2022, "bandwidth_gbs": 800, "memory_options_gb": [64, 128] },
    { "id": "m2", "name": "M2", "year": 2022, "bandwidth_gbs": 100, "memory_options_gb": [8, 16, 24] },
    { "id": "m2-pro", "name": "M2 Pro", "year": 2023, "bandwidth_gbs": 200, "memory_options_gb": [16, 32] },
    { "id": "m2-max", "name": "M2 Max", "year": 2023, "bandwidth_gbs": 400, "memory_options_gb": [32, 64, 96] },
    { "id": "m2-ultra", "name": "M2 Ultra", "year": 2023, "bandwidth_gbs": 800, "memory_options_gb": [64, 128, 192] },
    { "id": "m3", "name": "M3", "year": 2023, "bandwidth_gbs": 100, "memory_options_gb": [8, 16, 24] },
    { "id": "m3-pro", "name": "M3 Pro", "year": 2023, "bandwidth_gbs": 150, "memory_options_gb": [18, 36] },
    { "id": "m3-max-30", "name": "M3 Max (30-core GPU)", "year": 2023, "bandwidth_gbs": 300, "memory_options_gb": [36, 96] },
    { "id": "m3-max-40", "name": "M3 Max (40-core GPU)", "year": 2023, "bandwidth_gbs": 400, "memory_options_gb": [48, 64, 128] },
    { "id": "m3-ultra", "name": "M3 Ultra", "year": 2025, "bandwidth_gbs": 819, "memory_options_gb": [96, 256, 512] },
    { "id": "m4", "name": "M4", "year": 2024, "bandwidth_gbs": 120, "memory_options_gb": [16, 24, 32] },
    { "id": "m4-pro", "name": "M4 Pro", "year": 2024, "bandwidth_gbs": 273, "memory_options_gb": [24, 48, 64] },
    { "id": "m4-max-32", "name": "M4 Max (32-core GPU)", "year": 2024, "bandwidth_gbs": 410, "memory_options_gb": [36] },
    { "id": "m4-max-40", "name": "M4 Max (40-core GPU)", "year": 2024, "bandwidth_gbs": 546, "memory_options_gb": [48, 64, 128] },
    { "id": "m5", "name": "M5", "year": 2025, "bandwidth_gbs": 153.6, "memory_options_gb": [16, 24, 32] },
    { "id": "m5-pro", "name": "M5 Pro", "year": 2026, "bandwidth_gbs": 307, "memory_options_gb": [24, 48, 64] },
    { "id": "m5-max-32", "name": "M5 Max (32-core GPU)", "year": 2026, "bandwidth_gbs": 460, "memory_options_gb": [36, 48] },
    { "id": "m5-max-40", "name": "M5 Max (40-core GPU)", "year": 2026, "bandwidth_gbs": 614, "memory_options_gb": [64, 128] }
  ]
}